National Wetlands Inventory

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, National Wetlands Inventory
Publication_Date: unknown
Title: National Wetlands Inventory
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Lansing, MI
Publisher: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Description:
Abstract:
This file is based on the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) digital data files which are records of wetlands location and classification as defined by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. This dataset is one of a series available in county coverages containing ground planimetric coordinates of wetlands point, line, and area features and wetlands attributes. The digital data as well as the hardcopy maps that were used as the source for the digital data are produced and distributed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's National Inventory project.
Purpose:
This file was created to manage any updates to the original data. The original purpose was to provide consultants, planners, and resource managers with information on wetland location and type. The purpose of this survey was not to map all wetlands and deepwater habitats, but rather, to use aerial photointerpretation techniques to produce thematic maps that show, in most cases, the larger types that can be identified by such techniques. The objective was to provide better geospatial information on wetlands than found on the USGS topoquads.
Status:
Progress: In work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.650634
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -82.026582
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 48.329608
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.629558
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: None
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Center for Shared Solutions and Technology Partnerships, Michigan Dept of Technology, Management, and Budget
Contact_Person: Gary Taylor
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing
Address: 111 S Capitol Avenue
City: Lansing
State_or_Province: MI
Postal_Code: 48909
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 517-373-7910
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: [email protected]
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcGIS 10.0.5.4400
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Polygons intersecting the neatline are closed along the border. Segments making up the outer and inner boundaries of a polygon tie end-to-end to completely enclose the area. Line segments are a set of sequentially numbered coordinate pairs. No duplicate features exist nor duplicate points in a data string. Intersecting lines are separated into individual line segments at the point of intersection. Point data are represented by two sets of coordinate pairs, each with the same coordinate values. All nodes are represented by a single coordinate pair which indicates the beginning or end of a line segment. The neatline is generated by connecting the four corners of the digital file, as established during initialization of the digital file. All data crossing the neatline are snapped to the neatline. Tests for logical consistency are performed by WAMS verification software (USFWS-NWI).
Completeness_Report:
All photointerpretable wetlands are mapped given considerations of map and photo scale and state-of-the-art wetland delineation techniques. The target mapping unit is an estimate of the minimum-sized wetland that should be consistently mapped. It is not the smallest wetland that appears on the map, but instead it is the size class of the smallest group of wetlands that NWI attempts to map consistently. Users must realize however that some wetland types are conspicuous and readily identified (e.g., ponds) and smaller wetlands of these types may be mapped. Other types (drier-end wetlands and forested wetlands, especially evergreen types) are more difficult to photointerpret and larger ones may be missed. In forested regions, the target mapping unit varies with the scale of the aerial photographs given acceptable quality (e.g., captured during spring, leaf-off condition for deciduous trees). This means that where 1:58,000 photography was used, the NWI maps should show most wetlands larger than 1 - 3 acres. In the treeless prairies, 1/4-acre wetlands are typically mapped due to the openness of the terrain and occurrence of wetlands in distinct depressions. In forested regions, small open water and emergent wetlands may also be mapped where conspicuous. Map users must pay close attention to the photo scale used to prepare the maps. Also, users should be aware that black and white imagery tends to yield more conservative interpretations than color infrared imagery, except when the latter was acquired during a dry year, complicating wetland detection. In most areas, farmed wetlands are not mapped, with exceptions including prairie pothole-type wetlands, cranberry bogs, and diked former tidelands. Mucklands and other farmed wetlands are usually not shown on the maps. As mentioned in the "Use_Constraints" section, no attempt was made to separate regulated wetlands from other wetlands, as these decisions must be based on criteria established by Federal and state regulatory agencies. Maps produced by photointerpretation techniques will never be as accurate as a detailed on-the-ground delineation, so the boundaries on the NWI maps should be considered generalized, especially in areas of low topographic relief (e.g., glaciolacustrine plains). Partly drained wetlands may also be conservatively mapped, since they may be difficult to photointerpret and in many cases, require site-specific assessment for validation.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Attribute accuracy is tested by manual comparison of the source with hard copy printouts and/or symbolized display of the digital wetlands data on an interactive computer graphic system. In addition, WAMS software (USFWS-NWI) tests the attributes against a master set of valid wetland attributes.
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Converted PCX image files were auto-vectorized through a centerline conversion process, using commercially available software. The output of the files were in a DXF file format.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Line Work Cleaning. All line work was run through commercially available software for; duplicate lines; zero length lines and clean intersections. Auto-bending of line work was allowed using a five foot tolerance. This auto-bending facilitated creation of clean intersections within the tolerance box.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Polygon wetlands in digitized Intergraph NWI 7.5 minute quadrangle files were converted to Arc/Info coverages using IGDSARC. Polygon topology was created using build and clean. Any labelerrors and nodeerrors were located and corrected. Linear wetlands were not converted at this time.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Clipped county coverages were cleaned, unlabeled sliver polygons eliminated (some done manually), and similar adjacent polygons dissolved together. Polygons with AREA < 100 sq. meters were eliminated to reduce sliver and very small polygons.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Quadrangle coverages were reprojected from Stateplane NAD27 to MI Geo Ref NAD83 and adjoining polygons with a similar NWI_CODE dissolved together.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Quadrangle coverages were mapjoined into county coverages and clipped using 1:24,000 MIRIS county base map. Counties adjoining the Great Lakes were clipped by using existing county interior linework and extending over water with 1:100,000 dlg linework, derived from TIGER.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Digital wetlands data were either manually digitized or scanned from stable-base copies of the 1:24,000 scale wetlands overlays registered to the standard U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5 minute quadrangles into topologically correct data files using Wetlands Analytical Mapping System (WAMS) software. Files contain ground planimetric coordinates and wetland attributes. The quadrangles were referenced to the North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27) horizontal datum. The scanning process captured the digital data at a scanning resolution of at least 0.0001 inches; the resulting raster data were vectorized and then attributed on an interactive editing station. Manual digitizing used a digitizing table to capture the digital data at a resolution of at least 0.005 inches; attribution was performed as the data were digitized. The determination of scanning versus manual digitizing production method was based on feature density, source map quality, feature symbology, and availability of production systems. The data were checked for position by comparing plots of the digital data to the source material.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Images were converted from 8 bit gray scale to 1 bit black & white PCX file format.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Source Image Referencing. Source images were also placed and registered in the design files using the same above-mentioned registration points.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Coverages were imported to ArcView and queried to check for errors in NWI_CODE. Invalid codes, coding errors and missing codes were corrected, where clearly warranted, to allow for a future process of dissolving polygons. Attempts were made to retain as much original data as possible. Polygons which could not be identified with any NWI_CODE were labeled '999' in keeping consistency with digitizing processing and to prevent loss of polygon. As a quality check, many quadrangles were also compared to original Intergraph files by overlaying and checking for complete polygon topology.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Error checking. The following error checking process was used: a) Menu System. A menu system was developed so that any operator placed feature was placed on the correct level with the correct symbology. B) Topology Creation. The creation of topology files ensured that all line work was clean. C) Zero Area Centroids. Queries created to check each design file for any operator placed centroid which had a measured area of zero. This would indicate the presence of two operator placed centroids within the same polygon. D) Topology Comparison. A spatial analysis was conducted on each design file to compare software generated centroids against operator placed centroids. This process illustrated areas where the operator had missed the placement of centroids. E) Visual Check. The final error checking process was to plot each design file, overlay it with the original paper map and visually check both centroids and line work for correctness.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Several fields were added to tables from existing information in order to enhance usability. The ACRES field was calculated from AREA. The remaining new fields were derived by breaking down the NWI_CODE into component parts, based upon wetland classification hierarchy, with the use of an aml with many selection/reselection criteria.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Data Input. All data was per MDNR suggested level/symbology scheme. Operators input the following information within Microstation, using the NWI paper maps as a reference guide; a) Wetland type as a text string within auto-vectorized polygons. B) Re-input continuous line work for linear and shared linear/boundary line work, as the auto-vectorized data may not be continuous due to vectorizing process. This was done by the operator 'heads up' digitizing over the warped image data. These features were also isolated by level and color from each other. C) Text labels for linear and shared boundary line work. D) No label identifiers. Wetland polygons encountered having no text identifier were coded with a symbol on level 1. E) Duplicate label identifiers. Wetland polygons encountered having more than one text identifier were coded with all text identifiers on level 55 or 56.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
DXF files were imported in MDNR delivered dgn seed files. The MIRIS seed files were setup for State Plane Coordinate System (1927). Vector line work was warped, using commercially available software. Warping variables as follows; a) Registration points. There were four registration points used for warping. These were the four corners of the 7.5' quadrangle maps which occurred in both the imported DXF data, and the MIRIS source data. B) Transformation of the vector line work used an affine method, using a uniform least squares weighting. C) Original vectorized registration points are resident on level 61 or 60 of delivered design files.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
NWI maps were compiled through manual photointerpretation (using Cartographic Engineering 4X Mirror Stereoscopes) of NHAP or NAPP aerial photography supplemented by Soil Surveys and field checking of wetland photo signatures. Delineated wetland boundaries were manually transferred from interpreted photos to USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps and then manually labeled. Quality control steps occurred throughout the photointerpretation, map compilation, and map reproduction processes.
Process_Date: 19790101
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
SDTS_Terms_Description:
SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 622092
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Map_Projection:
Map_Projection_Name: NAD 1983 Michigan GeoRef Meters
Oblique_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Center_Line: 0.9996
Oblique_Line_Azimuth:
Azimuthal_Angle: 337.255555555556
Azimuth_Measure_Point_Longitude: -86.0
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 45.30916666666666
False_Easting: 2546731.496
False_Northing: -4354009.816
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0001280000001192093
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0001280000001192093
Planar_Distance_Units: meter
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D North American 1983
Ellipsoid_Name: GRS 1980
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Detailed_Description:
Entity_Type:
Entity_Type_Label: Reference.CSS_SDE_ADMIN.WETLANDS_NWI
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SPEC_MOD
Attribute_Definition:
Field includes special modifiers, water chemistry, and soil type, with water chemistry and soil used only infrequently for Michigan wetlands. Special modifiers indicate wetlands or deepwater habitats modified or created by man or beaver. Water chemistry is based upon inland salinity, soil is simply either organic or mineral.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Beaver
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Created or modified by the action of beaver. Originally included under Impounded (Cowardin et al. 1979), the beaver modifier has been created as a separate modifier since beaver activity can be identified on aerial photography. The beaver modifier is used on all delineations where visible hydrologic changes have occurred due to beaver activity.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Partially Drained/Ditched
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The water level has been artificially lowered, but the area is still classified as wetland because soil moisture is sufficient to support hydrophytes. Drained areas are not considered wetland if they can no longer support hydrophytes. This modifier is also used to indicate extensive ditch networks in wetlands where, due to the extreme number and narrow width of the ditches, individual delineation is impossible. Individual ditches shall be broken out as linears (with Excavated modifier) when they approximate the pen line width on the photography and if the area is not overly complex.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Farmed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The soil surface has been mechanically or physically altered for production of crops, but hydrophytes will become reestablished if farming is discontinued. The NWI has operational instructions in place regarding the mapping of farmed wetlands. Farmed wetlands are limited to the following: - farmed prairie potholes and pothole type depressions
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Diked/Impounded
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Created or modified by a man-made barrier or dam which obstructs the inflow or outflow of water. Originally, Diked and Impounded are described as separate modifiers (Cowardin et al. 1979). They have been combined here due to photointerpretation limitations. For clarification of the extent of impoundment see discussion of Lacustrine System limits.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Artificial Substrate
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Substrates classified as Rock Bottom, Unconsolidated Bottom, Rocky Shore and Unconsolidated Shore that were emplaced by man using natural or synthetic materials. Jetties and breakwaters are examples of Artificial Rocky Shores.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Spoil
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Wetland or deepwater habitats where the substrate is a result of the deposition of spoil materials.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Excavated
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Lies within a basin or channel excavated by man.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SEC_SUBCLA
Attribute_Definition:
Sec_Subclass is a finer definition of the specific class and Subclass levels.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown Surface
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This designation was created for cases where surface vegetation is visible on the aerial photography but cannot be identified as algal, aquatic moss, rooted vascular, or floating vascular.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Needle-Leaved Deciduous
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No definition given.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Needle-Leaved Evergreen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The dominant species in Needle-leaved Evergreen wetlands are black spruce.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Broad-Leaved Deciduous
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No definition given.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Moss
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Moss wetlands are most abundant in the far north. These areas are usually called bogs.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bedrock
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bottoms in which bedrock covers 75% or more of the surface.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sand
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The unconsolidated particles smaller than stones are predominantly sand, although finer or coarser sediments may be intermixed.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Organic
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The unconsolidated material smaller than stones is predominantly organic.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Persistent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Dominated by species that normally remain standing at least until the beginning of the next growing season. This subclass is found only in the Estuarine and Palustrine systems.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Dead
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Dominated by dead woody vegetation taller than 6 m (20 ft.). Like Dead Scrub-Shrub Wetlands, they are most common in, or around the edges of, man-made impoundments and beaver ponds. The same factors that produce Dead Scrub-Shrub Wetlands produce Dead Forested Wetlands.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mud
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The unconsolidated particles smaller than stones are predominantly silt and clay, although coarser sediments or organic material may be intermixed.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown Submergent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This designation was created for cases where submerged vegetation is visible on the aerial photography but cannot be identified as algal, aquatic moss, or rooted vascular.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Aquatic Moss
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Far less abundant than algae or vascular plants. They occur primarily in the Riverine System and in permanently flooded and intermittently exposed parts of some Lacustrine Systems.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Algal
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Algal beds are widespread and diverse in the Marine and Estuarine systems, where they occupy substrates characterized by a wide range of sediment depths and textures. They occur in both subtidal and intertidal subsystems and may grow to depths of 30m (98 ft.). They also occur in Lacustrine and Palustrine deepwater habitats.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lichen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Lichen wetlands are also a northern subclass.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Vegetated
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Some nontidal shores are exposed for a sufficient period to be colonized by herbaceous annuals or seedling herbaceous perennials (pioneer plants). This vegetation, unlike that of Emergent Wetlands, is usually killed by rising water levels and may be gone before the beginning of the next growing season. Many of the pioneer species are not hydrophytes but are weedy mesophytes that cannot tolerate wet soil or flooding.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rooted Vascular
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes a large array of vascular species in the Marine and Estuarine systems. They are commonly referred to as grass flats. In the Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine systems, these species occur at all depths in the photic zone. They often are in sheltered areas that have little water movement, and can also be found in the flowing water of the Riverine System, where they may be streamlined or flattened in response to high water velocities. Some species are characterized by floating leaves.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Floating Vascular
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Beds of floating vascular plants occur mainly in the Lacustrine, Palustrine, and Riverine systems and in the fresher waters of the Estuarine System. The plants float freely either in the water or on its surface. They are found primarily in protected portions of slow-flowing rivers. They are moved about by wind or water currents and cover a large area of water, particularly in the southeast.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rubble
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Bottoms with less than 75% areal cover of bedrock, but stones and boulders alone, or in combination with bedrock, cover 75% or more of the surface.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Broad-Leaved Evergreen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This subclass, consisting of wetlands where trees or shrubs are predominantly deciduous and needle-leaved, is represented by trees such as tamarack.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Nonpersistent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Wetlands in this subclass are dominated by plants which fall to the surface of the substrate or below the surface of the water at the end of the growing season so that, at certain seasons of the year, there is no obvious sign of emergent vegetation.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cobble-Gravel
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The unconsolidated particles smaller than stones are predominantly cobble and gravel, although finer sediments may be intermixed.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Indeterminate Deciduous
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No definition given.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SUBCLASS
Attribute_Definition: Subclass is a finer definition of the specific class level.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Moss
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Moss wetlands are most abundant in the far north. These areas are usually called bogs.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mud
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The unconsolidated particles smaller than stones are predominantly silt and clay, although coarser sediments or organic material may be intermixed.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown Surface
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This designation was created for cases where surface vegetation is visible on the aerial photography but cannot be identified as algal, aquatic moss, rooted vascular, or floating vascular.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Floating Vascular
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Beds of floating vascular plants occur mainly in the Lacustrine, Palustrine, and Riverine systems and in the fresher waters of the Estuarine System. The plants float freely either in the water or on its surface. They are found primarily in protected portions of slow-flowing rivers. They are moved about by wind or water currents and cover a large area of water, particularly in the southeast.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown Submergent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This designation was created for cases where submerged vegetation is visible on the aerial photography but cannot be identified as algal, aquatic moss, or rooted vascular.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Algal
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Algal beds are widespread and diverse in the Marine and Estuarine systems, where they occupy substrates characterized by a wide range of sediment depths and textures. They occur in both subtidal and intertidal subsystems and may grow to depths of 30m (98 ft.). They also occur in Lacustrine and Palustrine deepwater habitats.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Indeterminate Deciduous
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No definition given.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Vegetated
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Some nontidal shores are exposed for a sufficient period to be colonized by herbaceous annuals or seedling herbaceous perennials (pioneer plants). This vegetation, unlike that of Emergent Wetlands, is usually killed by rising water levels and may be gone before the beginning of the next growing season. Many of the pioneer species are not hydrophytes but are weedy mesophytes that cannot tolerate wet soil or flooding.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Broad-Leaved Evergreen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This subclass, consisting of wetlands where trees or shrubs are predominantly deciduous and needle-leaved, is represented by trees such as tamarack.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Aquatic Moss
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Far less abundant than algae or vascular plants. They occur primarily in the Riverine System and in permanently flooded and intermittently exposed parts of some Lacustrine Systems.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Needle-Leaved Deciduous
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No definition given.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Bedrock
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Bottoms in which bedrock covers 75% or more of the surface.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Persistent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Dominated by species that normally remain standing at least until the beginning of the next growing season. This subclass is found only in the Estuarine and Palustrine systems.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Needle-Leaved Evergreen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The dominant species in Needle-leaved Evergreen wetlands are black spruce.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Dead
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Dominated by dead woody vegetation taller than 6 m (20 ft.). Like Dead Scrub-Shrub Wetlands, they are most common in, or around the edges of, man-made impoundments and beaver ponds. The same factors that produce Dead Scrub-Shrub Wetlands produce Dead Forested Wetlands.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Cobble-Gravel
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The unconsolidated particles smaller than stones are predominantly cobble and gravel, although finer sediments may be intermixed.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Sand
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The unconsolidated particles smaller than stones are predominantly sand, although finer or coarser sediments may be intermixed.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rubble
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Bottoms with less than 75% areal cover of bedrock, but stones and boulders alone, or in combination with bedrock, cover 75% or more of the surface.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Broad-Leaved Deciduous
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: No definition given.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Nonpersistent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Wetlands in this subclass are dominated by plants which fall to the surface of the substrate or below the surface of the water at the end of the growing season so that, at certain seasons of the year, there is no obvious sign of emergent vegetation.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rooted Vascular
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes a large array of vascular species in the Marine and Estuarine systems. They are commonly referred to as grass flats. In the Riverine, Lacustrine, and Palustrine systems, these species occur at all depths in the photic zone. They often are in sheltered areas that have little water movement, and can also be found in the flowing water of the Riverine System, where they may be streamlined or flattened in response to high water velocities. Some species are characterized by floating leaves.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lichen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Lichen wetlands are also a northern subclass.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Organic
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The unconsolidated material smaller than stones is predominantly organic.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape.STArea()
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape.STLength()
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: Shape
Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CREATE_DTS
Attribute_Definition: Date the Reference dataset was created.
Attribute_Definition_Source: CSS
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SUBSYSTEM
Attribute_Definition:
Subsystem is a subdivision of the system level into more specific categories.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Limnetic
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Extends outward from Littoral boundary and includes all deep-water habitats within the Lacustrine System.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown Perennial
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This subsystem designation was created specifically for use when the distinction between lower and upper perennial, and tidal cannot be made from aerial photography and no data is available.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Littoral
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
All wetland habitats in the Lacustrine System. Extends from shoreward boundary to 2 m (6.6 ft.) below annual low water or to the maximum extent of nonpersistent emergents, if these grow at depths greater than 2 meters.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Intermittent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This subsystem, used only with the Riverine System, includes channels that contain flowing water only part of the year, but may contain isolated pools when the flow stops.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Upper Perennial
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This subsystem is characterized by a high gradient and fast water velocity. There is no tidal influence and some water flows throughout the year. This substrate consists of rock, cobbles, or gravel with occasional patches of sand. There is very little floodplain development.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lower Perennial
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This subsystem is characterized by a low gradient and slow water velocity. There is no tidal influence, and some water flows throughout the year. The substrate consists mainly of sand and mud. The floodplain is well developed. Oxygen deficits may sometimes occur.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SYSTEM
Attribute_Definition:
System refers to a complex of wetlands and deepwater habitats that share the influence of similar hydrologic, geomorpholic, chemical, or biological factors.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lacustrine
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The Lacustrine System includes wetlands and deepwater habitats with all of the following characteristics: 1. situated in a topographic depression or a dammed river channel; 2. lacking trees, shrubs, persistent emergents, emergent mosses or lichens with greater than 30% areal coverage; 3. total area exceeds 8 hectares (20 acres).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Palustrine
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The Palustrine System includes all nontidal wetlands dominated by trees, shrubs, emergents, mosses or lichens. Wetlands lacking such vegetation are also included if they exhibit all of the following characteristics: 1. are less than 8 hectares (20 acres); 2. do not have an active wave-formed or bedrock shoreline feature; 3. have at low water a depth less than 2 m (6.6 ft.) in the deepest part of the basin.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Area type not determined
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Uplands
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: All areas not defined as wetland or deepwater habitats.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Riverine
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
This system includes all wetlands and deepwater habitats contained in natural or artificial channels periodically or continuously containing flowing water or which forms a connecting link between the two bodies of standing water. Upland islands or Palustrine wetlands may occur in the channel, but they are not part of the Riverine System.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: OBJECTID
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: SEC_CLASS
Attribute_Definition:
Secondary class (see class) assigned to wetland, denoting lower level of precedence; primarily used in palustrine wetlands.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rocky Shore
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
High energy shoreline characterized by bedrock, stones, or boulders which singly or in combination have an areal cover 75% or more and an areal coverage by vegetation of less than 30%.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rock Bottom
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes all wetlands and deepwater habitats with substrates having an areal cover of stones, boulders, or bedrock 75% or greater and vegetative cover of less than 30%.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Beach/Bar
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is an obsolete class (see Unconsolidated Shore class).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Open Water/Unknown Bottom
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is an obsolete class (no definition).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is an obsolete class (see Unconsolidated Shore class).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unconsolidated Shore
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes all wetland habitats having three characteristics: 1. unconsolidated substrates with less than 75% areal cover of stones, boulders, or bedrock; 2. less than 30% areal cover of vegetation other than pioneering plants; and 3. any of the following water regimes: irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, irregularly flooded, seasonally flooded, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, saturated, seasonal-tidal, temporary-tidal, or artificially flooded.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Scrub-Shrub
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes areas dominated by woody vegetation less than 6 m (20 ft.) tall. The species include true shrubs, young trees (saplings), and trees or shrubs that are small or stunted because of environmental conditions.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Emergent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens. This vegetation is present for most of the growing season in most years. These wetlands are usually dominated by perennial plants.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unconsolidated Bottom
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes all wetlands and deepwater habitats with at least 25% cover of particles smaller than stones (less than 6-7 cm), and a vegetative cover less than 30%.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Forested
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Characterized by woody vegetation that is 6 m tall or taller.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Streambed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes all wetlands contained within the Intermittent Subsystem of the Riverine System.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Moss-Lichen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes areas where mosses or lichens cover substrates other than rock and where emergents, shrubs, or trees make up less than 30% of the areal cover. The only water regime is saturated.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Aquatic Bed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes wetlands and deepwater habitats dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water for most of the growing season in most years. Aquatic beds generally occur in water less than 2 m (6.6 ft.) deep and are placed in the Littoral Subsystem (if in Lacustrine System).
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: ACRES
Attribute_Definition:
Acres of each individual polygon as computed from the AREA field. Equation is ACRES=Area/4046.87
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CLASS
Attribute_Definition:
Class describes the general appearance of the habitat in terms of either the dominant life form of the vegetation or the physiography and composition of the substrate, with the life form assignment having precedence over physiography.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rock Bottom
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes all wetlands and deepwater habitats with substrates having an areal cover of stones, boulders, or bedrock 75% or greater and vegetative cover of less than 30%.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unconsolidated Bottom
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes all wetlands and deepwater habitats with at least 25% cover of particles smaller than stones (less than 6-7 cm), and a vegetative cover less than 30%.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Beach/Bar
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is an obsolete class (see Unconsolidated Shore class).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Rocky Shore
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
High energy shoreline characterized by bedrock, stones, or boulders which singly or in combination have an areal cover 75% or more and an areal coverage by vegetation of less than 30%.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Open Water/Unknown Bottom
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is an obsolete class (no definition).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Scrub-Shrub
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes areas dominated by woody vegetation less than 6 m (20 ft.) tall. The species include true shrubs, young trees (saplings), and trees or shrubs that are small or stunted because of environmental conditions.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Emergent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Characterized by erect, rooted, herbaceous hydrophytes, excluding mosses and lichens. This vegetation is present for most of the growing season in most years. These wetlands are usually dominated by perennial plants.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Aquatic Bed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes wetlands and deepwater habitats dominated by plants that grow principally on or below the surface of the water for most of the growing season in most years. Aquatic beds generally occur in water less than 2 m (6.6 ft.) deep and are placed in the Littoral Subsystem (if in Lacustrine System).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Moss-Lichen
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes areas where mosses or lichens cover substrates other than rock and where emergents, shrubs, or trees make up less than 30% of the areal cover. The only water regime is saturated.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Flat
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: This is an obsolete class (see Unconsolidated Shore class).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Streambed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes all wetlands contained within the Intermittent Subsystem of the Riverine System.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unconsolidated Shore
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Includes all wetland habitats having three characteristics: 1. unconsolidated substrates with less than 75% areal cover of stones, boulders, or bedrock; 2. less than 30% areal cover of vegetation other than pioneering plants; and 3. any of the following water regimes: irregularly exposed, regularly flooded, irregularly flooded, seasonally flooded, temporarily flooded, intermittently flooded, saturated, seasonal-tidal, temporary-tidal, or artificially flooded. Intermittent or intertidal channels of the Riverine System are classified as Streambed. Landforms such as beaches, bars, and flats are included in the Unconsolidated Shore class.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Forested
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Characterized by woody vegetation that is 6 m tall or taller.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: NWI_CODE
Attribute_Definition:
Unique label for each occurrence of a wetland type within Michigan based upon the original wetland types as coded by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: OBJECTID_1
Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Unrepresentable_Domain:
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: WATER
Attribute_Definition: Water regime modifier for freshwater, non-tidal wetlands.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Attribute_Domain_Values:
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Intermittently Exposed
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Surface water is present throughout the year except in years of extreme drought.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Artif-Semipermanently Flooded
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Has characteristics of both Artificially Flooded and Permanently Flooded water regimes.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Seasonally Flooded
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Surface water is present for extended periods especially early in the growing season, but is absent by the end of the growing season in most years. The water table after flooding ceases is variable, extending from saturated to the surface to a water table well below the ground surface.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Temporarily Flooded
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Surface water is present for brief periods during growing season, but the water table usually lies well below the soil surface. Plants that grow both in uplands and wetlands may be characteristic of this water regime.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Intermittently Flooded
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Substrate is usually exposed, but surface water is present for variable periods without detectable seasonal periodicity. Weeks or months or even years may intervene between periods of inundation. The dominant plant communities under this regime may change as soil moisture conditions change. Some areas exhibiting this regime do not fall within our definition of wetland because they do not have hydric soils or support hydrophytes. In areas mapped as intermittently flooded, refer to regional guidelines for specific applications.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Permanently Flooded
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Water covers the land surface throughout the year in all years.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Saturated
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The substrate is saturated to surface for extended periods during the growing season, but surface water is seldom present.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Semipermanently Flooded
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Surface water persists throughout the growing season in most years. When surface water is absent, the water table is usually at or very near the land’s surface.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Unknown
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: The water regime is unknown.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Artificially-Permanently Flooded
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Has characteristics of both Artificially Flooded and Permanently Flooded water regimes.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Seasonally Flooded/Saturated
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Surface water is present for extended periods especially early in the growing season and when surface water is absent, substrate remains saturated near the surface for most of the growing season.
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Intermittently Flooded/Temporary
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Not used (no definition).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Artificially Flooded
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
The amount and duration of flooding is controlled by means of pumps or siphons in combination with dikes or dams. The vegetation growing on these areas cannot be considered a reliable indicator of water regime. The Artificially Flooded modifier should be used with water and waste-water treatment facilities. Neither wetlands within or resulting from leakage from man-made impoundments, nor irrigated pasturelands supplied by diversion ditches or artesian wells are included under this modifier. Artificially Flooded can be used with any non-tidal water regime. The Artificially Flooded (K) symbol should always be listed before other water regime codes (e.g. PUBKF).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Artif Flooded-Int Exposed/Perm
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:
Has characteristics of both Artificially Flooded and Intermittently Exposed/Permanent water regimes
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Saturated/Semipermanent/Seasonal
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Not used (no definition).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Seasonally Flooded/Well Drained
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Not used (no definition).
Enumerated_Domain:
Enumerated_Domain_Value: Intermittently Exposed/Permanent
Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Not used (no definition).
Attribute:
Attribute_Label: CODE_ERR
Attribute_Definition:
Field used to sort any NWI_CODE with uncertain or erroneous wetland types, and which were not corrected.
Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
The wetland classification system is hierarchical, with wetlands and deepwater habitats divided among five major systems at the broadest level. The three systems found in Michigan include Riverine (rivers, creeks, and streams), Lacustrine (lakes and deep ponds), and Palustrine (shallow ponds, marshes, swamps, sloughs). Systems are further subdivided into subsystems which reflect hydrologic conditions. Below the subsystem is the class which describes the appearance of the wetland in terms of vegetation or substrate. Each class is further subdivided into subclasses; vegetated subclasses are described in terms of life form and substrate subclasses in terms of composition. The classification system also includes modifiers to describe hydrology (water regime), soils, water chemistry (pH, salinity), and special modifiers relating to man's activities (e.g., impounded, partly drained).
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:
For general NWI information please refer to the NWI Homepage (<http://www.nwi.fws.gov>). For more details on the NWI coding structure please see the NWI mapcode download site (<ftp://www.nwi.fws.gov/maps/mapcode.txt>). Please refer to Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin, et al. 1979) for a more detailed explanation of NWI classification and heirarchy. (<http://www.nwi.fws.gov/classifman/classman9.html>).
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
MDNR Land and Mineral Services Division, Resource Mapping and Aerial Photography Section
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: P.O. Box 30448, Stephens T. Mason Building
City: Lansing
State_or_Province: MI
Postal_Code: 48909-7984
Country: US
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 517-241-2254
Distribution_Liability: See access and use constraints information.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20130405
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: Center for Shared Solutions, Technology, Management, and Budget
Contact_Person: Bob Reszka
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: 111 S. Capital Ave
City: Lansing
State_or_Province: MI
Postal_Code: 48933
Country: US
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 517-373-7910
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: [email protected]
Hours_of_Service: 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Generated by mp version 2.9.12 on Fri Sep 15 11:53:22 2017